Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes the body’s immune system to mistakenly attack its tissues. RA primarily affects the synovium, the lining of the membranes surrounding the joints. Its symptoms include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and eventually, joint damage.
At India’s no. 1 regenerative rehabilitation centre, Plexus, we offer customised and holistic rehabilitation programs to effectively manage RA.
This blog throws light on the risk factors rheumatoid arthritis that are crucial for early detection and management.
Risk Factors of Rheumatoid Arthritis We Can’t Control
Genetics
Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of RA. Certain genetic markers, such as the HLA-DRB1 gene, are strongly associated with increased susceptibility to the disease. Individuals with a family history of RA are more likely to develop the condition themselves.
Gender
RA is more prevalent in women than men. Hormonal differences are believed to contribute to this disparity. Women are two to three times more likely to develop RA compared to men.
Age
While RA can occur at any age, its onset is most common between the ages of 40 and 60. However, it is important to note that juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) affects children, highlighting that RA is not confined to older adults.
Note: The risk factors of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis are similar to those of late-onset rheumatoid arthritis with family history playing a key role.
Lifestyle Risk Factors of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Smoking
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for RA. It not only increases the likelihood of developing the disease but also exacerbates its severity. Smokers with RA tend to have more severe symptoms and a higher rate of disease progression.
Obesity
Obesity is linked to an increased risk of developing RA. Excess body weight puts additional stress on the joints, potentially triggering inflammation. Additionally, fat tissue produces pro-inflammatory cytokines that can contribute to the development and progression of RA.
Gum Disease
Gum disease is a significant factor in causing RA, lung disease, heart disease, and Alzheimer’s. The mouth hosts over 700 species of bacteria, mostly beneficial. However, harmful bacteria can override these defenses, leading to gingivitis, oral cancer, and potentially severe inflammation in the lungs and joints.
Food
Diet impacts overall health and arthritis risk. While no specific arthritis diet exists, avoiding red meat, dairy, sugar, and high-fructose syrup, and emphasizing fish, vegetables, and olive oil, can help prevent arthritis and improve symptoms by reducing inflammation and promoting joint health.
Changes in the Microbiome
The microbiome, comprising vast communities of microorganisms, is crucial for health, especially in autoimmune diseases like RA. Imbalances in gut and oral microbiomes can lead to inflammation and conditions such as RA. Factors like diet, antibiotics, and lifestyle can disrupt this balance, increasing inflammation and autoimmune risks.
Environmental Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Exposure to Toxins
Exposure to environmental toxins, such as asbestos, silica, and pesticides, has been linked to an increased risk of RA. These toxins can trigger chronic inflammation and autoimmune responses, potentially leading to RA.
Infections
Certain infections, particularly with Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis C, are associated with a higher risk of developing RA. These infections can alter immune function and potentially trigger autoimmune responses.
Air Pollution
Air pollution, including exposure to fine particulate matter, has been identified as a potential risk factor for RA. Chronic exposure to polluted air can cause systemic inflammation, which may contribute to the development of RA.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Precautions
Healthy Diet
Consuming a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods can help manage RA symptoms. Foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, can reduce inflammation. Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables can support overall health.
Regular Exercise
Regular physical activity is essential for managing RA. Low-impact exercises like swimming, walking, and yoga can help maintain joint flexibility and reduce inflammation. Strength training can also support joint health by strengthening the muscles around the joints.
Smoking Cessation
Quitting smoking is crucial for individuals with RA. Smoking not only increases the risk of developing RA but also worsens its progression and reduces the effectiveness of treatment. Avoiding smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke can significantly improve health outcomes for RA patients.
Weight Management
Maintaining a healthy weight is important for reducing the risk and severity of RA. Excess body weight puts additional stress on the joints, exacerbating inflammation and pain. Weight management through diet and exercise can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life for RA patients.
Stem Cell Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis at Plexus
At Plexus, we use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to suppress inflammation and mediate immunomodulation. Isolated from various sources, such as adipose tissue (fat), bone marrow, and umbilical cord tissue, MSCs have the following key properties that make them promising for treating RA:
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects: MSCs have the potential to produce anti-inflammatory molecules that help reduce localised inflammation in the joints.
- Immunomodulation: MSCs can regulate the immune system by suppressing inflammatory responses that damage the joints.
- Tissue Regeneration: MSCs can differentiate into various cell types, such as bone and cartilage cells, thereby aiding in repairing damaged tissues (in the joints).
- Low Risk of Immune Rejection: MSCs are generally well-tolerated by the immune system.
We also offer physical therapy, occupational therapy, nutritive therapies, pain management, fall prevention training, emotional counseling, caregiver support, and other forms of therapeutic interventions to help you live a full and pain-free life.
Understanding and addressing the risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis can aid in early detection and better management of the disease. While some risk factors, such as genetics and age, cannot be changed, lifestyle modifications like quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and following a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk and impact of RA.
If you wish to know more about Plexus’ rehabilitation program for rheumatoid arthritis, please reach out to our teams in Bangalore and/or Hyderabad today.
WhatsApp +91 89048 42087
Call +91 78159 64668 (Hyderabad) | +91 82299 99888 (Bangalore)
FAQs
What is the risk of arthritis?
The risk of arthritis increases with age, but other factors also contribute. These include genetics, obesity, joint injuries, and certain occupations that put stress on the joints. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and diet can also play a role. For autoimmune forms like rheumatoid arthritis, family history and gender (more common in women) are significant risk factors.
What is stage 4 of rheumatoid arthritis?
Stage 4 of rheumatoid arthritis is the most severe and involves the complete destruction of joint structures. This stage is characterized by severe pain, significant loss of joint function, and the potential for joint replacement surgery. At this stage, inflammation decreases, but the damage to bones, cartilage, and other tissues typically results in severe disability and deformities.
What is the main cause of rheumatoid arthritis?
The main cause is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, particularly the joints. Genetic predispositions, such as specific HLA-DRB1 genes, along with triggers like infections and smoking, play a crucial role in the development of RA.
How to prevent rheumatoid arthritis?
Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, eating an anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids, and staying physically active, can significantly lower the risk of RA.
What foods are bad for rheumatoid arthritis?
Foods like red meat, processed foods, refined sugars, high-fructose corn syrup, dairy products, and trans fats can exacerbate rheumatoid arthritis symptoms by increasing inflammation. Reducing or avoiding these foods and opting for a diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods like fish, vegetables, and olive oil can help manage RA symptoms more effectively.
